Can dogs eat curd, paneer and ghee? The Indian dairy shelf measured against one dog's day

How much curd a dog can eat, by body weight

A 10 kg dog can have roughly 67 to 84 grams of plain unsweetened dahi a day, a 5 kg dog 40 to 50 grams and a 25 kg dog 134 to 167 grams, because the binding limit is the dog's energy budget and not its lactose tolerance.

Work it in that order and the answer stops being vague. The World Small Animal Veterinary Association publishes a daily energy range for an average healthy adult dog in ideal body condition: 280 to 351 kcal at 5 kg, 470 to 590 kcal at 10 kg and 940 to 1,174 kcal at 25 kg, calculated from the 2006 National Research Council maintenance figures of 130 kcal multiplied by body weight to the power 0.75 for an active adult and 95 for an inactive one. WSAVA's own treat guidance then caps treats at under 10 percent of that daily intake.

The other half of the sum is the energy density of Indian dahi, and here there is a measurement nobody uses. India's Department of Consumer Affairs published a comparative laboratory test of 13 brands of packaged curd, 11 plain and 2 probiotic, run at an NABL-accredited laboratory against the Food Safety and Standards regulations and Indian Standard IS 9617-1980. Milk fat reached 3.2 percent at the highest, protein 4.9 percent at the highest, and carbohydrate ranged from 4.6 to 6.5 percent across the brands. Applying the Atwater general factors that the Food and Agriculture Organization sets out, 4.0 kcal per gram of protein and carbohydrate and 9.0 per gram of fat, a packaged Indian dahi runs about 65 to 74 kcal per 100 g.

Read the last two columns against each other, because that comparison is the point of this page. The lactose column is given as a range because the two best measurements of fermented milk disagree, and the next section sets out why. Its low end uses the 2.4 g per 100 g that enzymatic assay found in yoghurt, its high end treats every gram of the Indian test's measured carbohydrate as lactose, which is the harshest reading available. Even at that harsh end, the treat ceiling lands just under the lowest dose at which any dog in the published feeding trial went loose.

That is the finding. Keep the curd inside the treat budget and the lactose question answers itself at every body weight, without anyone having to guess their dog's enzyme status.

Compare that with how the curd portion size is currently answered in India. The page ranking first for this query gives 1 to 2 teaspoons for small dogs, 1 to 2 tablespoons for medium and up to 3 tablespoons for large, with no body weight attached to any of those three categories and no calorie figure anywhere on the page. The page ranking second gives one teaspoon under 10 kg, one to two tablespoons from 10 to 25 kg and up to a quarter cup above 25 kg. Both are in the right region and neither can be checked, because a tablespoon of curd is not a defined quantity and a medium dog is not a defined animal.

Where the two published lactose thresholds disagree

Two numbers circulate in the veterinary literature and they are not the same number. Meyer and Zentek's textbook figure, quoted in the most recent canine feeding trial, is a lactose tolerance threshold in the adult dog of 1 g per kg of body weight per day. The trial itself dosed by metabolic weight instead, 1 g per kg of body weight to the power 0.75, and two of its fourteen dogs developed acute diarrhoea within 24 hours of the first meal at that dose.

For a 10 kg dog those two thresholds are 10 g and 5.6 g of lactose, a difference of nearly two to one. For a 25 kg dog they are 25 g and 11.2 g, a difference of more than two to one. No page writing about curd for dogs mentions either figure, so nobody has noticed that the two disagree, and the gap widens as the dog gets bigger. This page uses the lower, stricter one throughout.

1. Weigh your dog, then read its daily energy off the published range for that weight.
2. Take 10 percent of that figure as the day's entire treat budget, dahi included.
3. Divide by 0.70 to turn kilocalories into grams of packaged dahi, which is the working density this page uses.
4. Subtract the same energy from the dog's meals rather than adding the curd on top.
5. Introduce it over a week, starting at a quarter of the figure, and watch the stool for 24 to 48 hours after each step.

Why an adult dog digests less milk sugar than a puppy does

An adult dog digests less milk sugar than a puppy because intestinal lactase, the enzyme that splits lactose, is highest in the days after birth and falls through the first few weeks to its lowest level in the adult animal.

That is measured in dogs rather than inferred from other species. Welsh and Walker assayed the small intestine of dogs of different ages and reported the result plainly: lactase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestine of the dog sacrificed soon after birth was higher than that in adult animals, and the activity of these two enzymes during the first few weeks after birth decreased and reached their lowest levels in the adult animals.

The same study carries a control that is worth more than the headline. Sucrase and maltase activity ran the opposite way, low in the young dogs and highest in the adult dogs. An adult dog has not lost the general ability to digest sugars. It has lost the specific enzyme that handles the sugar in milk, and gained capacity for the others.

Lactase does not disappear altogether, which is why the answer to this question is a dose and not a ban. A comparative survey of five carnivores found maltase, sucrase and lactase activity present in the small intestine of the domestic cat, lion, ferret, dog and polar bear. The adult dog in your kitchen is working with a reduced enzyme, not an absent one.

Why two dogs in the same house react differently

Individual variation is large, and the best canine feeding trial accidentally measured it. Fourteen healthy household dogs between one and five years old, mean body weight 19.0 kg, were fed a complete extruded diet with lactose powder added at rising doses over three consecutive 20-day periods. Four refused the food outright at the lowest dose. Two developed acute diarrhoea within 24 hours of the first meal at the middle dose. The remaining eight ate every ration and showed no gastrointestinal signs at all, right through the highest dose.

Three different outcomes in one group of fourteen ordinary pet dogs is the honest picture, and it is why no page can tell you how your dog will respond. Read the four refusals carefully, because they are not four intolerant dogs: the authors call the refusals difficult to explain and suggest the lactose powder sprinkled on the kibble changed its texture, which is a known driver of palatability. The two diarrhoea cases are the intolerance signal. The authors attribute the tolerance of the other eight to residual lactase activity in their small intestine, and note that the small number of animals is a limit on what can be concluded.

One further finding deserves care, because it cuts against the common advice to build tolerance slowly. Faecal moisture in that trial rose as the dose went from zero to the middle dose and then fell again at the highest dose, and the authors suggest a slow enzymatic or colonic adaptation over the 20-day feeding periods. That is a hypothesis offered to explain an odd curve in eight dogs, not a demonstrated mechanism, and it is not a reason to push a dog that has already reacted.

The cat side of this biology is a different animal with different numbers, and we have measured it separately. Our guide to whether can cats drink milk carries the feline enzyme assays and the Indian milk composition behind them. Do not read one across to the other.

How much lactose fermentation actually removes

Fermentation removes roughly half the lactose in milk when the product is a true yoghurt and only about a quarter when it is a buttermilk, so the common claim that curd is nearly lactose-free is wrong by a wide margin.

The cleanest measurement is also the oldest. Alm assayed lactose, glucose and galactose enzymatically across a set of fermented milks. On day 1 of fermentation, regular milk held 5.0 g of lactose per 100 g and yoghurt held 2.4 g, with galactose rising to 0.98 g where the milk had none. Buttermilk held 3.7 g, kefir 3.5 g and ropy milk 3.6 g, which the paper summarises as reductions of 26, 30 and 20 percent respectively. Stored for eleven days, the yoghurt fell further, to about 2.3 to 2.4 g per 100 g against 4.8 in unfermented milk.

So the headline claim on this query is not supported by the one study that measured it properly. The page ranking second in India states that during the fermentation process that turns milk into curd, live bacterial cultures consume most of the lactose and convert it into lactic acid. Half is the best case, in a thermophilic yoghurt set with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus at 43 to 44 degrees. A quarter is what a buttermilk achieves. The page ranking first is more careful, saying only that a portion of lactose is broken down, which is right, and it attaches no figure.

What the Indian test found, and why it points the other way

Indian packaged dahi is not Swedish yoghurt, and the Indian measurement disagrees with the Swedish one. The Department of Consumer Affairs test of 13 brands found carbohydrate ranging from 4.6 to 6.5 percent, with the report noting that lactose is the major carbohydrate fraction in milk. Those figures are at or above the lactose in the milk the dahi was set from, not half of it.

Three things plausibly explain the gap and we are publishing all three rather than picking one. First, carbohydrate measured as total carbohydrate is not a lactose assay, and the FAO notes that in the original Atwater scheme carbohydrate is determined by difference. Second, galactose released by fermentation stays in the pot and counts as carbohydrate while no longer being lactose. Third, Indian dahi is routinely made from milk whose solids-not-fat has been raised, and the same test measured solids-not-fat as high as 12.5 percent against a legal minimum of 8.5 for toned milk, so there is simply more milk sugar in the pot to begin with.

One practical consequence follows for anyone whose dog reacted to milk. A dog that goes loose on doodh may well be fine on dahi, because the dose really is lower. A dog that goes loose on dahi is not going to be rescued by switching to chaas, because buttermilk loses the least lactose of any fermented milk measured.

What is actually in an Indian pot of dahi

An Indian packaged dahi is almost always set from toned milk, so it carries about 3.1 to 3.2 percent fat, while a pot set at home from full cream or buffalo milk starts at double that by law alone.

This is the composition question that decides the portion, and the Indian test answers it directly. Of the 13 brands examined, every plain curd was declared as made from toned milk except one made from cow milk, and both probiotic brands were made from double toned milk. Milk fat came out at 3.2 percent in the highest brand and 3.1 in the next three, while two brands failed the minimum altogether. Protein reached 4.9, 4.8 and 4.6 percent in the top three. Calcium ranged from 120.1 to 191.8 mg per 100 g and phosphorus from 76.5 to 117.3 mg.

The regulation behind those numbers is the part owners never read. The test states the rule plainly: curd should have the same minimum percentage of milk fat as the milk from which it is prepared, and where no class of milk is indicated the standard for curd from mixed milk applies. India's milk standard then sets those floors at 3.0 percent fat for toned milk, 1.3 for double toned, 3.2 for cow milk, 4.5 for mixed and standardised milk, and 6.0 for full cream milk.

Read the last two rows against the first two. A spoon of home-set full cream dahi carries at least twice the fat energy of the same spoon from a packaged toned-milk pot, before anyone has counted the protein or the sugar. The grams in this page's portion table are calculated on packaged toned-milk dahi, so cut them by about a quarter if your household sets its own from full cream or buffalo milk.

Price is not a guide to what is in the pot

The same test priced the brands, and the spread is instructive. Per 100 g the plain curds ran from Rs 5.00 to Rs 13.75, and the probiotic ones from Rs 12.50 to Rs 17.50, a range of ₹5.00 to ₹17.50 across the shelf. The cheapest pouch in the test carried the second-highest protein of any brand in it, and one of the cheapest polypacks was among the four highest in milk fat. A rupee figure on a curd pot tells you about packaging and brand, not about what your dog is getting.

One safety finding in that test matters more than any of the nutrition. Lead was not detected in 12 of the 13 brands, but one brand measured 0.07 ppm against the regulatory limit of 0.02 ppm, which the report states means that brand is not safe for consumption. The PDF carries no publication date that we could find, so that is a historical result on one sample rather than a statement about anything on the shelf today. It is a reminder that packaged dairy is not automatically clean.

Paneer is the low-lactose one and the high-fat one

Paneer carries about 2.0 to 2.4 percent lactose and 18 to 27 percent fat, because the lactose leaves with the whey while the fat stays in the curd, so the thing to count in paneer is energy rather than milk sugar.

A peer-reviewed review of paneer production collects the measured composition from two decades of Indian dairy science, and the pattern is consistent across every row. Paneer from buffalo milk at 5.8 percent fat measured 50.72 percent moisture, 27.13 percent fat, 17.99 percent protein, 2.29 percent lactose and 1.87 percent ash in one study, and 54.10, 23.50, 18.20, 2.40 and 1.80 in another. Paneer from cow milk at 4.4 percent fat measured 56.0 percent moisture, 22.0 percent fat, 18.5 percent protein, 2.1 percent lactose and 1.4 percent ash.

India's own standard sets the floor underneath those numbers. Under the dairy regulations, paneer may hold not more than 60.0 percent moisture and its milk fat must be not less than 50.0 percent on a dry matter basis, with medium fat paneer between 20 and 50 percent and low fat paneer capped at 20 percent of dry matter. A legally compliant full-fat paneer is therefore at least 20 percent fat as sold, and the measured products sit above that floor.

The last row is the comparison that makes paneer make sense. Matched on calories, a cube of paneer delivers between about a quarter and a thirteenth of the lactose of the dahi it displaces, depending on which of the two dahi figures you take. If your dog genuinely reacts to milk sugar, paneer is the member of this shelf that solves the problem. It solves it by concentrating the fat instead, and one modest cube can spend the entire treat budget of a small dog.

The dish is the problem, not the ingredient

Paneer reaches most Indian dogs inside something, and the something is what disqualifies it. Palak paneer, paneer butter masala, kadai paneer and matar paneer are all built on an onion and garlic base with added oil and salt, and onion and garlic are toxic to dogs at ordinary kitchen quantities. Our guide to onion and garlic toxicity in pets sets out the doses. Tikka and pakora add frying on top of that.

Indian law allows salt and spices in paneer itself, but only in one category. The standard permits spices and condiments for flavoured paneer only, and salt for flavoured paneer only. Plain paneer is, by the regulation's own structure, unsalted. The salt in your dog's paneer came from your kitchen or from a flavoured product, and either way the label or the cook will tell you.

• Keep back a plain cube before the paneer goes into the pan, exactly as you would keep back dal before the tadka.
• Weigh it. A cube that looks small is 20 to 25 grams and is most of a 10 kg dog's day.
• Skip paneer entirely for a dog that has been treated for pancreatitis, because this is the highest-fat item on the shelf after ghee.
• Use it as the dairy for a dog that reacts to dahi, not as an extra on top of the dahi.

Ghee and the coat: what the evidence actually supports

Ghee does not supply the fatty acid that a dull coat responds to, because the coat-relevant nutrient is linoleic acid and ghee is overwhelmingly saturated fat.

Start with what a coat needs. The veterinary reference position is that all mammals, including dogs and cats, have a dietary requirement for linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid found in appreciable amounts in vegetable oils such as corn and soy oil, and that deficiencies of essential fatty acids induce clinical signs such as a dry, scaly, lusterless coat. So the belief that a fat improves a dog's coat is not folklore. It is attached to a specific fatty acid.

Now read ghee's composition against that. A 2025 fatty acid profiling study of pure buffalo and bovine ghee measured 70.05 percent saturated fat, 27.14 percent monounsaturated and 2.81 percent polyunsaturated in the pure buffalo ghee, with palmitic acid at 33.13 percent, oleic at 22.49, stearic at 13.07, myristic at 9.64 and butyric at 5.62. The pure bovine ghee ran palmitic 29.76, oleic 28.76, stearic 13.18, myristic 7.89 and butyric 4.28 percent. The authors describe ghee as mainly saturated with minimal cis-unsaturated fatty acids.

Linoleic acid sits inside that 2.81 percent polyunsaturated fraction, alongside the other polyunsaturates. A teaspoon of ghee is therefore about 4.5 grams of fat of which a small fraction of a gram is the fatty acid the coat claim rests on. Vegetable oils, which Merck names as the appreciable source, carry it at an order of magnitude more.

There is a second reason the claim rarely holds in practice. Essential fatty acid deficiencies are extremely rare in dogs and cats fed properly preserved complete and balanced diets formulated to AAFCO profiles, and where a dog does have dry flaky skin and a dull coat, underlying metabolic conditions should always be evaluated first. A dog on a complete food is already meeting the requirement, so adding ghee adds energy and nothing the coat was short of.

The energy arithmetic for ghee on a dog's food is already published on this site and we are not running it twice. Our guide to can dogs eat roti works out what a 5 g smear costs against the roti it sits on and against the fat ceiling used for a dog recovering from pancreatitis. The short version is that a smear is about 45 kcal and that it takes a plain low-fat meal over that ceiling on its own.

The fat-bolus risk belongs to a clinical page rather than this one. A sudden large fatty meal is the classic trigger owners are warned about, and our page on pancreatitis in dogs covers the Indian festival pattern, the cPL test and the modern position on feeding during recovery. Read it there and treat ghee as a candidate trigger rather than a supplement.

What the answer engines are currently telling Indian owners

Google's AI Overview for this question, captured on 21 October 2026, recommends a quarter teaspoon of ghee for dogs under 10 kg, half a teaspoon for medium dogs and a maximum of one teaspoon for large dogs, and states that a single teaspoon adds up to 45 extra calories. It attaches no source to the portions. The organic results underneath it run the same way, with a magazine at position one advising half a teaspoon before energy-demanding activity and two sellers arguing that because ghee is free of milk solids and lactose it suits lactose-intolerant dogs.

That last argument is true and beside the point. Ghee is indeed essentially lactose-free, which removes the one problem it never had. The problem ghee has is that it is the most energy-dense item in an Indian kitchen, at 9.0 kcal per gram of fat, and no page in that result set sets a teaspoon against a dog's published daily allowance.

Chaas, lassi and buttermilk: read the law, not the label

Treat chaas and lassi as sweetened or salted drinks rather than as thin dahi, because Indian law lets a product sold under either name be 60 percent something other than fermented milk.

The regulation is explicit and almost nobody has read it. Under India's dairy standards, drinks based on fermented milk contain a minimum of 40 percent fermented milk by mass, and the category is defined to include lassi, chhaach and buttermilk. The same standard's permitted ingredients list includes salt, and includes sugar and nutritive sweeteners specifically for flavoured fermented milks and for drinks based on fermented milks.

So a bottled lassi is legally allowed to be well under half dahi, with added sugar, and a bottled chaas is legally allowed to carry added salt. Neither is a diluted version of the pot in your fridge. The nutrition panel is the only thing that tells you which one you are holding, and buttermilk and chaas bought in a carton in Delhi or Bengaluru are the same regulatory category as the sweetened mango lassi beside them on the shelf.

The lactose argument for buttermilk is also weaker than people assume. Buttermilk lost 26 percent of its lactose in the enzymatic assay against yoghurt's roughly 50 percent, and measured 3.7 g per 100 g against milk's 5.0. A dog that cannot handle dahi will not be rescued by chaas.

• Skip bottled lassi entirely, because the sugar is added and a dog has no use for it.
• Skip salted chaas, because the salt is added and the jeera, black salt and hing that go with it are not dog food.
• Offer plain unsalted home-churned chaas only inside the same treat budget as dahi, counted in the same arithmetic.
• Give water instead on a hot afternoon, which is what a panting dog actually needs. Our guide to heat safety for dogs in India covers cooling properly.

Cheese, pilling and training rewards

Use cheese for pilling and high-value training in pieces smaller than most people cut, because 28 g of cheddar carries 120 kcal, which is more than twice a 10 kg dog's lowest daily treat ceiling. Check the drug before the cheese, because a few are not given with dairy at all.

WSAVA publishes the energy density of the human foods most often fed to dogs and notes that for some dogs, consuming just one of these in the specified quantity could exceed their maximum recommended daily calorie intake from treats. Cheddar at 1 oz or 28 g comes in at 120 kcal, against lean cooked chicken breast at 47 and ham at 46 for the same weight.

Set that against the 47 to 59 kcal a 10 kg dog is allowed in treats for the whole day and the pilling cube sizes itself. A piece carrying 10 kcal is about 2.3 g of cheddar, which is far smaller than the lump most people pinch off, and two of those a day leave the rest of the budget intact.

1. Check the drug before you reach for the cheese. VCA's doxycycline handout says to give the medication with food to ease stomach upset, but not with food containing dairy or iron, because calcium and iron can block it. For a tetracycline, use plain cooked chicken or fish as the vehicle and ask the dispensing vet; our guide to giving medication to a pet at home sets out why the blanket warning is better evidenced for oxytetracycline than for doxycycline.
2. Cut the pilling piece to the size of the tablet, not the size of the dog's enthusiasm.
3. Use plain hard cheese rather than processed slices or spreads, which carry added salt and emulsifying salts.
4. Count every pilling cube against the day's treat budget, because a dog on a two-week course is eating them twice daily.
5. Switch to plain boiled chicken where the dog accepts it, at 47 kcal per 28 g against cheddar's 120.

For training, the useful property of cheese is value per gram rather than nutrition, and that cuts both ways. A dog will work harder for cheese than for kibble, which is the whole point, and a training session of thirty repetitions at even half a gram each is still fifteen grams of cheddar. Break the reward down to crumbs and the session stays inside the budget.

Curd rice, leftovers and the Indian household

Curd rice reaches more Indian dogs than any other dairy dish, and on this page it counts only as a vehicle: the curd in it goes against the same treat budget as a spoon of plain dahi.

Thayir sadam in Tamil Nadu, mosaru anna in Karnataka, dahi bhaat across Maharashtra and the north, the dish has a name everywhere and the same two ingredients. What makes it the default leftover for a dog is that it is bland, it is cheap and there is always some. The rice half of that question belongs to its own page and we are not taking it here.

The dairy half is simply arithmetic, and the only thing you have to do is weigh the curd rather than estimate it. At 50 grams of dahi a bowl of curd rice has already spent most of a 5 kg dog's whole treat allowance and a good part of a 10 kg dog's, before the rice underneath it is counted at all. A bowl of curd rice is a meal, not a topping, and it has to displace a meal.

What curd rice is not is complete, and that is a separate failure from being over-budget. Our guide to Indian food safe for dogs sorts the whole plate by the four problems a food can cause, and our guide to whether homemade dog food is balanced carries the calcium arithmetic in full, including what it would take for curd alone to meet a dog's daily calcium. The short answer there is that curd is far too dilute to do it, and we are not repeating the sum.

The milk sweets are a different category again

Khoya-based mithai is not dairy in the sense this page uses, because the milk has been reduced until the sugar and the fat dominate everything else. That is handled in full on our guide to which mithai is toxic, which covers the chocolate, kishmish and xylitol hazards alongside the fat and sugar load of a single piece. Do not reason from this page's curd portions to a piece of barfi.

• Keep a plain spoonful of dahi back before anything is added to it, the same discipline as keeping back dal before the tadka.
• Refuse sweetened dahi, shrikhand, flavoured curd cups and anything with fruit in it, because the sugar is added and a fruit cup can carry a sweetener.
• Refrigerate leftovers and bin anything sharp-smelling, which in a humid Kolkata or Ahmedabad August means sooner than you think.
• Weigh the dog monthly on the same scale, because the scale is the only honest check on whether the arithmetic worked. Our guide to the dog diet chart for India sets out the grams the rest of the day should carry.

The dog-bite belief, answered because people search for it

A person bitten by a dog may eat curd, because nothing in India's national rabies guidelines restricts the victim's diet, and the things that do matter are washing the wound and starting post-exposure prophylaxis immediately.

This question appears in Google's own People Also Ask box for the curd query, which is why it is answered here rather than ignored. The belief that a bite victim must give up dahi, milk or sour foods is widespread across India and has no counterpart in the national guidance.

What the guidance does say is specific. The National Centre for Disease Control's National Guidelines on Rabies Prophylaxis record that in India dogs are responsible for about 97 percent of human rabies, followed by cats at 2 percent, and that bites by dogs and cats in particular must be considered a medical emergency with life-saving post-exposure prophylaxis provided immediately. Washing of the wound should be carried out as soon as possible with soap and water, and the guidelines list the application of irritants such as chillies, oil, turmeric, lime and salt under the don'ts, calling it unnecessary and damaging.

Read that list again. India's own guidance takes the trouble to warn against four household substances being put on the wound, and says nothing at all about what the person eats. The diet belief is folk practice that has attached itself to a genuine medical emergency, and the risk is that it occupies the attention that wound washing and the vaccine schedule deserve.

Our page on rabies in dogs and cats in India covers the signs, the ten-day observation window and what to do after a bite in full. Bonbeno names no drug and no dose; the vaccine schedule is a decision for the treating doctor at an anti-rabies clinic.

What this page can prove, and what it cannot

Six claims on this page rest on measurements with denominators and five do not, so the line between them is drawn here rather than left for the reader to find.

Six claims are established, and the study behind each one is named in the sources below.

• Intestinal lactase in the dog is highest soon after birth and falls to its lowest level in the adult, while sucrase and maltase move the opposite way.
• In 14 adult household dogs, 4 refused a lactose-supplemented diet, 2 developed acute diarrhoea within 24 hours at 1 g lactose per kg metabolic weight, and 8 tolerated twice that dose with no signs.
• Fermentation cut lactose from 5.0 to 2.4 g per 100 g in yoghurt and by only 26 percent in buttermilk, measured enzymatically, n=5.
• Thirteen Indian packaged dahi brands measured 4.6 to 6.5 percent carbohydrate, with milk fat topping out at 3.2 percent because almost all are set from toned milk.
• Indian paneer measures about 2.0 to 2.4 percent lactose against 18 to 27 percent fat across two decades of published analyses.
• Pure buffalo ghee measured 70.05 percent saturated fat against 2.81 percent polyunsaturated, which is the fraction linoleic acid sits inside.

Five further claims are not established, and the list below marks where this page reasons rather than reports.

• No published assay of lactose in Indian dahi exists that we could find. The portion table spans a Swedish yoghurt assay and an Indian total-carbohydrate test because that is the honest width of the uncertainty.
• No feeding trial has given a measured weight of dahi, paneer or ghee to dogs and recorded the outcome. The composition and the canine physiology are each measured; combining them on this page is arithmetic, not an experiment.
• The share of adult dogs that keep useful lactase is unknown. Eight of fourteen in one small trial is a data point, not a prevalence.
• The two published canine lactose thresholds disagree by roughly two to one at 10 kg and neither has been retested at scale. We have used the stricter one and said so.
• No reliable figure exists for how many Indian households give a dog dahi. The Punjab feeding surveys record curd in more than 80 percent of the dog bowls they sampled, which is a regional denominator, not a national one.

One claim circulating on this query deserves retiring rather than answering. The line that curd is a probiotic treatment for a dog's upset stomach is not supported by anything measured in dogs. The canine trial that looked for a prebiotic effect of lactose found no change in faecal Lactobacillus, Enterococcus or Clostridium perfringens counts, no change in faecal pH, ammonia or short-chain fatty acids, and concluded that an evident prebiotic effect was not observed. A dog with diarrhoea lasting more than 24 hours, blood in the stool, repeated vomiting or a refusal to drink needs a veterinarian, not a katori of dahi.

Finally, the boundary of what a directory should say. Bonbeno names no product, recommends no supplement and prescribes no diet. If your dog is itching after dairy, losing or gaining weight, passing loose stool for more than a day, or has ever been treated for pancreatitis, what goes in its bowl is a decision for the veterinarian who has examined it, which is why this page publishes under the medical disclaimer at the top. Our page on obesity in dogs and cats covers the body condition scoring that tells you whether the arithmetic on this page is working.